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Saturday, March 7, 2015

Books Completed in 2015

JANUARY

Revolutionary Summer by Joseph J. Ellis (Vintage Books 2013). Trade Paperback. 4 stars out of 4. If you don't think American history is interesting, try reading this little book covering the major political and military developments of the Summer of 1776.  It may just kickstart an interest. It is fascinating, engaging, compelling, page-turning.  And it can only make you want to learn even more about John Adams (historically our most underappreciated founder--at long last in recent years getting his due, primarily thanks to Ellis and also David McCullough), George Washington (who learned a painful lesson in 1776, which he used to his advantage for the next 7 years), Thomas Jefferson (who had no idea of the importance of the Declaration as he was writing it), and the Howe brothers (whose hopes for reconciliation, and fears of repeating another pyrrhic Bunker Hill victory, kept the war from being won by Britain in one swift stroke, and allowed the Continental Army to live to fight another day). Just really great stuff.  If we could get this kind of reading into our public schools, instead of the Textbook-by-Committee-Death-by-Boredom stuff we force our High Schoolers to read instead, Americans might actually appreciate their heritage.

FEBRUARY

Heretics by G.K. Chesterton.  Kindle.  3 out of 4.  Chesterton was C.S.Lewis's C.S. Lewis.  I could read him for weeks on end and never get tired of his insights or his voice.  Even though I am not particularly familiar with the works of H.G. Wells, Rudyard Kipling, George Bernard Shaw, and the other Chesterton contemporaries whose works are examined here, the gist of the ideas which Chesterton is tilting against are easily recognizable to anyone who has lived through the last 40 to 50 years of American life, in which the social and cultural movements which were first aborning in Chesterton's day have arrived at their full fruition.  It's fascinating to know that the seeds which brought us the sexual and moral and political revolution of the stupidest of all American epochs (that which began in the 1960s, was delayed a bit during the 1980s, and came into full fruition with the reelection of Barack Obama and the Obergefell decision), were planted so long beforehand, and to read the dangers of our era's prevailing idiot ideologies being so presciently foreseen so long before their time. This precursor to Orthodoxy is the inferior book, but it's still worth reading.

Conjugal Union: What Marriage Is and Why It Matters  by Patrick Lee and Robert P. George (Cambridge University Press 2014). Kindle. 3 out of 4.  It is unclear why Robert P. George felt it was necessary to co-author yet another natural law theory defense of traditional marriage, after his similar involvement on what is perhaps already the definitive text: What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense, but both books are worth reading.  This is especially true for those who believe the only arguments against redefined marriage are religious in nature, as the authors present a "philosophical" argument on the basis of "reason unaided by faith" which does not "presuppose . . . any revealed source of truth." (Introduction) They do an excellent job.  Understanding why marriage matters from a scriptural point of view (leave and cleave, become one flesh) but also from a logical point of view will be important for anyone seeking to withstand the new inquisitions which the "tolerant" have in store for those of us who remain committed heretics, unwilling to bend to the new orthodoxies of our day.

Pathfinder  by Orson Scott Card.  Audible.  4 out of 4.  A reread, to remember the plot before I dive into reading the final book, which was published late last year. I enjoyed this even more this time around.  Either that or I'd forgotten how much I loved it the first time.  The narration on audible is so fantastic that I'm still not sure if the book is as good as I think it is, or if the voice of Stefan Rudnicki, the narrator, just made it seem far more cool than it really was.  In any event, great stuff, with two interesting stories ultimately melding together perfectly.

MARCH

Ruins by Orson Scott Card.  Audible.  2 out of 4.  A reread, to remember the plot before reading the third (and final?) book.  Somehow I thought this was a trilogy, but now it's being marketed as a series, so I don't know.  I enjoyed the book better this time around.  Though the whiny teenage characters are still annoying.  My least favorite entry in the series, but it does have some highlights and some cool ideas.

Visitors by Orson Scott Card.  Kindle.  3 out of 4.  A great end to this trilogy. (If it is a trilogy; which seems likely.  Although the series could go on, and not all plotlines remain completely tied down, the resolution here leaves you with a sense of conclusion.)  After two books of relatively straightforward plotting, with a few minor time travel digressions to establish Card's causation-is-never-destroyed time travel rules, the author decides to really let loose and have some fun here with all the possibilities of time travel.  So, in the second half of the book, Card perpetuates a panoply of perplexing plotlines: one version of Rigg on earth with one version of Ram visiting the distant past; another version of Rigg on Garden with another version of Ram visiting the various wallfolds (which includes one beautifully written, highly intriguing and philosophically weighty chapter, addressing the question of why God allows bad things to happen, in the name of agency); facemasks showing their full possibilities, both scientific and literary, in descriptions brimming with possible religious allegorical application; a baby from one timeline being plucked from any parental memory of his birth and being raised in another timeline; a big plot twist with respect to the visitors; a time travel escape from the machinations of General Citizen, culminating in multiple Riggs trying to forestall the end of the world of Garden; some new planets to go along with the newly introduced wallfolds; and the two young characters who were so annoying in the second book finally coming into their own. The only thing I really could have done without were the mice.  Other than the mice, I just really enjoyed this entire book, and my only only other complaint would be it's far too short, given how much more fully all of these different plotlines could have been developed.  But it's always best to leave the audience wanting more, not less (See, Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings film trilogy vs. his Hobbit film trilogy).  Based on the great ending, I have to say that this is now my second favorite Orson Scott Card series, after his four original Ender novels.  If only he could have pulled something like this off with the Alvin Maker books, or the Memory of Earth books, instead of letting them dissipate . . . .   Oh well.  My full review of the first two books in the series can be found here:
http://dadsbookreviews.blogspot.com/2011/05/pathfinder-by-orson-scott-card.html

APRIL

Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel  (Borzoi / Alfred A. Knopf 2014)  Kindle.   How did the genre of post-apocalyptic survivalism, once the province of horror meisters like Stephen King or Robert R. McCammon, become so ubiquitous as to now be regularly featured in the more respectable parts of the bookstore, where books aren't classified by genre, but simply as fiction and literature, including in works clearly intended, like this novel, as highbrow literary fiction?   And what does its ubiquity in our current popular culture say about us?  Do we know, deep inside, that our world's current path is morally, financially, and otherwise unsustainable?

My first exposure to literary fiction was in my Senior Year of High School, as part of an honors English class in which we were all required to subscribe to the Atlantic Monthly and read the short stories which were at that time still part of its regularly featured content.  I didn't really "get" literary fiction then, and I still don't fully "get it" now.  "What was the point of that story exactly?" was my reaction at the time, and is still, to some extent, my reaction now.  Nevertheless, I've grown to enjoy it occasionally.  A well-written piece of literary fiction, like certain types of music, can linger in your mind or affect your emotions for a long time.  Though capable, I am sure, of all kinds of collegiate English class symbolic decoding, such works can perhaps best be enjoyed without worrying about the point, but simply as something that affects you at some gut level and therefore has some intrinsic value that you can't really fully explain.  This novel did that to me in some ways, but the effect would have been longer lasting if there had been more than two or three admirable and likable characters worth rooting for, and if the book hadn't been focused on the death of a shallow, selfish and narcissistic human being.

Letters to a Young Mormon, by Adam S. Miller (BYU Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship / Living Faith Books; 2014)  Kindle.  3 out of 4.  This is one man's highly personal and subjective views of the meaning of his own faith in his own life.  The reader's response is likely to be equally personal and subjective.  I loved the author's take (in the "letter" / chapter entitled "Work") on reliance on God's grace for salvation, and pursuing excellence and obedience for their own sake, as intrinsically valuable in and of themselves, rather than as means to another end.  I also loved the letter on developing a love for the scriptures and other great works, and reading them to translate them anew for our own hearts and minds.  But some of the other chapters just failed to connect, for me. One ongoing metaphor in particular didn't quite resonate with me, but perhaps I didn't understand its point.  Definitely a worthwhile read.  It's short enough that, even if you don't like it, there's no harm no foul.

MAY

Time Vindicates the Prophets / The World and the Prophets, by Hugh Nibley (FARMS 1954).  CD and Hardcover.  3 stars out of 4.  Nibley delivered this series of radio addresses in 1954 under the theme Time Vindicates the Prophets.  Their text (with some footnotes to help find certain of the sources Nibley was quoting from) were later published as part of FARMS collected works of Hugh Nibley, Volume 3, under the title The World and the Prophets.  They are extremely enjoyable to listen to on CD including to hear Hugh Nibley's young voice (although my copy was not in the right order, an introductory explanation of what you are about to listen to appearing at the beginning of CD 5 for some reason).  They are an equally enjoyable read.  This is the classic Nibley style, which, here, is primarily concerned with tracing primitive Christianity's apostate descent into a full embrace of and integration with Greek Philosophy, and comparing the original Christian teachings with the restored Gospel as understood by Joseph Smith and the Latter-day Saints.   Good stuff.  

The Wright Brothers by David McCullough (Simon and Schuster 2015).  Hardcover.  3 stars out of 4.  Not my favorite McCullough book (that honor goes to John Adams, or maybe to Mornings on Horseback), but still wonderful, vintage, McCullough.  Reading him is comforting the way a nice mug of hot chocolate with whip cream on top, or some Campbell's Tomato soup (made with milk, of course) and saltine crackers, is comforting.  He chooses to write about people who are admirable, and to tell us why they were admirable, giving us the same uplifting feeling we get from attending a really wonderful funeral service.  This type of hagiography could be boring.  But somehow, in McCullough's hands, it never is.  His prose takes the reader to an early 20th Century Americana that is vivid, real, and forever lost.   If we learn, along the way, how two small-town autodidacts (the Wrights never went to college, but did grow up in a house full of books), and their bicycle shop employee, driven by curiosity, and an unceasing work ethic, were able to conquer the mysteries of motorized and controlled flight for the first time in human history, so much the better. The Wrights' achievement is especially remarkable considering that they spent only perhaps $3,000.00, over a remarkably short span of time (only several weeks of which each year could be taken away from operating their own business) to get the job done, while a concurrent publicly funded effort, overseen by a man with all the prestige and backing of the Smithsonian and the U.S. Government, costing over $70,000.00 in public funds, and steered by a large team of university educated engineers and scholars, resulted in a spectacular failure, during the same month, December 1903,that the Wrights' efforts made history.  (And that children, plus the part where a governmental institution later, fraudulently, claimed the publicly funded airplane had been capable of flight after all, and should be given preeminence over the Wright flyer, is all you need to know about public sector versus private sector efficiency.)  But the best part of this book is the vindication story. The Wrights' efforts to perfect their flying machine, during months of trial and error and construction and experiment near their home town of Dayton, after their successes at Kitty Hawk, was largely, and stupidly, ignored by the press, both local and national, and their claim to having been first in flight came under increasing skepticism, despite the ease with which an enterprising reporter or two could have authenticated it. Those travails were put behind them in a series of spectacular demonstration flights at Le Mans France, which showed the world just how much further along the Wrights were than anyone else in the business at the time, leaving no doubt among the new profession of aviation professional, that the Wrights had to have been first, to have, by the date of the Le Mans flights, already advanced so much further than the rest of the world.

JULY

Orthodoxy by G.K. Chesterton (1908).  Kindle.  4 Stars out of 4.  I'm making my way through an omnibus collection of Chesterton's works I bought for some ridiculously low price on my Kindle.  I thought about skipping this one since I'd read it a couple of years ago.  I'm glad I didn't.  It's even more relevant today than it was just two years ago, as time is moving increasingly more swiftly in what Chesterton described as the modern assault against reason.

Chesterton, the great popular lay Christian apologist of his day, was to his era what C.S. Lewis has been to ours.  (Indeed, he was Lewis's Lewis, as his writings played a role in Lewis's conversion to Christianity.)  Chesterton eventually took a very specific view of what constituted Christian truth and orthodoxy: Roman Catholicism.   This has prevented him from rising to the heights of popularity which Lewis achieved, with his much more approachable mere Christianity, safe even for Latter-day Saints. This is unfortunate, as a great deal, indeed most, of Chesterton's thoughts can be appreciated without the necessity of adopting a specifically Roman Catholic viewpoint.

Chesterton lived in a time period (straddling the nineteenth and twentieth centuries) in which Europeans were losing their faith in God and traditional social structures, and placing their faith, instead, in a variety of political movements promising some version of Utopia here on earth: socialism, Marxism, fascism, Fabianism, nationalism, etc.  Chesterton's writings insisted that it was only in and due to the doctrines of Christianity that the West had come to enjoy its liberties, and that supplanting Christianity with one or more of these Utopian schemes would upend that liberty.  The wars which these various isms engendered in the first half of the 20th Century, and the rise of totalitarian states dedicated to one or another of these ideologies were the proof of Chesterton's prophetic pudding.  Nevertheless, his warnings continued to go unheeded in the post-World War world, and many of the more absurd ideas against which he battled, in their aborning and budding stages, reemerged post-war, in the 1960s, and have now come into their full fruition.

For the modern reader, surrounded by so many of the wrecks of modernity on every side, the eerie prescience of Chesterton's paragraphs startle on almost every page.  His messages were profound in and of themselves, but Chesterton made his thoughts soar, by writing in a distinct voice, somehow instantaneously both gruff and earthy, but also poetic; bordering on bombastic, but moderated by beauty.  His ability to deploy clever, platitude-shattering paradoxes, to restore truths to the mentally lazy lemmings of his day, has never been matched.  I could read him for hours for the sheer joy of his style: it's like eating the perfect bowl of tomato soup, or skiing in perfect conditions on snow with just the right amount of dusted powder on top of the firmer snow down beneath. That I agree with so much of the substance just makes it that much better.

This entire book is a classic and well worth reading.  But my favorite section is perhaps Chapter VII The Eternal Revolution, in which Chesterton describes his own intellectual journey towards Christian belief.  He narrates the tale of his confronting various arguments to which he has been exposed against a life of faith, attempting to reconcile them with other anti-Christian arguments which are made just as frequently but which raise an opposite objection, and finally rejecting or reconciling his thoughts to arrive at his own truth, only to find that his final reasoned viewpoint had been there all along, within the doctrines of Christ.  Here for example is how he ends that chapter, with a deeply resonant passage on what I, as a Latter-day Saint, would call a discourse on covenants:
"I could never conceive or tolerate any Utopia which did not leave to me the liberty for which I chiefly care, the liberty to bind myself.  Complete anarchy would not merely make it impossible to have any discipline or fidelity; it would also make it impossible to have any fun.  To take an obvious instance, it would not be worthwhile to bet if a bet were not binding.  The dissolution of all contracts would not only ruin morality but spoil sport. . . .  [T]he perils, rewards, punishments, and fulfilments of an adventure must be real, or the adventure is only a shifting and heartless nightmare.  If I bet I must be made to pay, or there is no poetry in betting. If I challenge I must be made to fight, or there is no poetry in challenging.  If I vow to be faithful I must be cursed when I am unfaithful, or there is no fun in vowing. . . .   And this is my last instance of the things that I should ask, and ask imperatively, of any social paradise; I should ask to be kept to my bargain, to have my oaths and engagements taken seriously; I should ask Utopia to avenge my honour on myself.  All of my modern Utopian friends look at each other rather doubtfully, for their ultimate hope is the dissolution of all special ties.  But again I seem to hear, like a kind of echo, an answer from beyond the world.  'You will have real obligations, and therefore real adventures when you get to my Utopia.  But the hardest obligation and the steepest adventure is to get there.'" 
AUGUST

American Creation by Joseph J. Ellis (2007) Vintage Books 2008 Trade Paperback edition.  4 stars out of 4.  As in his earlier work, Founding Brothers, Ellis does not seek, here, to exhaustively and chronologically detail the founding era, but chooses, rather, six distinct topics to address and analyze, each in its own chapter, including "The Winter" at Valley Forge, "The Argument" which brought about the creation and ratification of the Constitution, "The Conspiracy" (a chapter title which can be read in several ways) leading to the establishment of the first opposition political party in American history, and "The [Louisiana] Purchase".

The Conspiracy was, to me, the most interesting read, as I find myself increasingly fascinated by the original partisan arguments between Washington's Federalists and Jefferson's Republicans, on issues which have recurred so frequently in our subsequent politics.  Nor can any one with the slightest interest in politics or history or human nature fail to be intrigued by Madison's political schizophrenia.  Few men in history can claim to be the chief and most important intellectual advocate for a political position which proved as significant as Madison's push for his new nation to be given a strong and powerful central government.  But to have then become the chief and most important intellectual advocate for the opposite position, the need of his new nation to have a weak and largely powerless central government, is truly astounding, especially when one considers that he largely succeeded in bringing about the changes he sought on both occasions -- before being chastened and reminded again of the perils of a weak central government, during the War of 1812, and therefore ultimately switching sides one last time, in the Nullification Crisis of 1832.  If flip-flopping is a necessary political art, then Madison was a DaVinci for all times.  But one thing his own life experiences can demonstrate for future generations is clear: an extremist position on either side of the Federal Government vs. States Rights question can be dangerous.  If we start to hew too far in one direction, we are likely to regret it, and a course correction is in order before we fall off the road.

But the most intriguing chapter, at least in terms of telling a story I had never heard before, may be "The Treaty" detailing Washington's attempt to establish a lasting and honorable peace with the Creek Nation, as a template for establishing similar relations with other Native American tribes living East of the Mississippi. The plan failed miserably, even after successful negotiation and a full-scale celebration of a historic treaty, because the Federal Government was simply powerless, politically, financially, or militarily, to even begin any serious effort to enforce a treaty between the U.S. and the Creeks, against its own citizens, the surging tide of white settlers determined to establish their own manifest destiny by planting farms and homesteads in areas promised to the Creeks. Washington sought to uphold the virtuous republican principles of 1776, and the nation's honor, against the criticisms which he knew would inevitably follow if the new nation exterminated an existing native population, without any effort to afford them some degree of honor and sovereignty as the original occupants of the land.  But not until Lincoln's time would a Federal Government exist that was powerful enough to force virtue upon a group of white people more interested in their own financial needs and interests than their souls.      

Caesar and Christ, by Will Durant (1944)  Hardcover.  4 Stars out of 4.  Magnificent.  My full review here:  http://www.mytakesonthat.com/2015/10/best-books-caesar-and-christ-history-of.html

An Officer and a Spy by Robert Harris (Alfred A. Knopf 2013)  Kindle/Audible 4 Stars out of 4.
Definitely the best novel I read all year and the most entertaining and engaging book of the year.  I've studied enough Jewish history to have been vaguely aware of "the Dreyfus Affair" before reading this book.  I knew it involved a Jewish French army officer who was wrongfully accused of treason, and was considered a historically important example of European anti-Semitism.  But I didn't know much more, and learning the details by reading this novelization of the events in question was absolutely fascinating. The story is told in the first-person, present-tense, point of view, from the standpoint of unlikely hero Captain Georges Picquart: a casual anti-Semite, a secular snob who sneers at his aging and sickly mother's Catholic faith, and a bachelor who carries on a series of affairs with both married and unmarried female friends, and resents the bourgeoisie values which might lead colleagues to take any umbrage at his doing so. Only in France could such a sleazy character turn out to be Atticus Finch.

The novel opens with Picquart's narrative of his official observation of the Dreyfus degradation ceremony, during which he is as convinced of Dreyfus's guilt as anyone, though he does have misgivings about the severity of his punishment as the sole prisoner of Devil's Island, which strikes Picquart as a bit "Dumas" (author of The Man in the Iron Mask).  A few months later, Picquart takes over the military intelligence unit which spearheaded the case against Dreyfus, in which capacity he stumbles upon a terrifyingly inconvenient truth: that Dreyfus is innocent, and, more importantly, that the military hierarchy will do everything within its power to suppress that fact. Picquart refuses to let them, and what happens next, if read as fiction, might be one of the best mystery / espionage / political thriller / courtroom drama novels I'd ever read.  It's been a long time since I was this riveted by a novel, and I tried mightily to avoid googling how it all ended, and what finally became of whom, as French society was ripped open by the case.  But this isn't just an amazingly engaging work of fiction.  The story that it tells is true, and a case study of human nature and human institutions at their best and their worst.  This makes it not just an amazing book, but a great one.

SEPTEMBER 

A. Lincoln by Ronald C. White, Jr.  (Random House 2010) Trade Paperback.  4 Stars out of 4.  Well worth the read. My full review is posted here:

http://www.mytakesonthat.com/2015/09/a-lincoln-by-ronald-c-white-jr.html

OCTOBER

The Quartet by Joseph J. Ellis.  (2015)  Hardcover.  2.5 stars out of 4.  If you are looking for a book which tells the story of the creation of America's constitution in an engaging fashion, with a compelling, page-turning, narrative, this is not it.  (Ellis's footnotes offer up two books which he finds noteworthy for their readability and narrative verve: Miracle at Philadelphia by Catherine Drinker Bowen, and  Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution, by Richard Beeman). This book is more akin to watching post-game analysis on ESPN, than sitting down and watching the entire game as it unfolds.  It's a wonky discursive analysis of the major players (the title's "quartet" of James Madison, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, with supporting roles by Benjamin Franklin, William Morris and Gouverneur Morris), the winning political strategies they employed at various stages to get what they wanted, and their strategic and ideological shifts at various stages of the game.    

Ellis, whose books I normally thoroughly enjoy, makes several missteps here:  He begins with a pedantic critique of the Gettysburg Address.  He then references various debunked historical theories without sufficient explanation of the same to make the references worthwhile (if I hadn't read elsewhere about the progressive economics-based view of American history which held sway throughout academia in the first half of the 20th century, I'm not sure I would have understood the first thing Ellis was talking about when he briefly discoursed on the same).  The book includes a controversial argument about the original point of the Second Amendment which, if supportable, deserved far more support than Ellis bothered to provide (apparently wanting us to take his reasoning on faith, and to answer for ourselves the numerous questions and objections which immediately come to mind in learning his theory).  Finally, the book ends with a dubious attempt to turn a 19th-Century Jefferson quote into a critique of the 20th Century legal judicial doctrine of originalism (never mind that Jefferson was in France during the entire relevant time period, and, therefore having nothing to do with the Constitution's creation, should probably not be given the final word; or that the quote had nothing to do with the subject to which Ellis applies it; or that the whole point of originalism is to place some restraint on the arbitrary and potentially despotic powers which an overly powerful and overly activist judiciary might discover for themselves, and that Jefferson very much shared the modern conservative skepticism towards an activist and overly powerful judiciary).

For all of that, I am still glad I read the book, and I learned a number of things that I hadn't known or fully appreciated before, about the historical lay of the land through which the founders did their work.  I had previously vaguely understood the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, but not to the degree explored here, and I hadn't realized how unimportant that body was treated by even its own members, unable to even form a quorum to ratify the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, because no one was bothering to attend.  And Ellis is especially helpful to understanding Madison's shifting arguments and strategies at various stages of the story, from the time he spearheaded the Philadelphia conference until he finished his fight for the Bill of Rights.  Madison came to understand that what he thought of as Philadelphia failures were in fact a Godsend, as the document would never have been ratified by the States had it achieved the type of clearly sovereign national government he was originally hoping for, which would have made the States largely irrelevant. This allowed Madison to play up the dual sovereignty of both State and Federal governments, in their respective spheres, in his post-Philadelphia writings, and in his debate victory over Patrick Henry and Henry's fellow Anti-Federalists at the Virginia ratification convention, which, in turn, convinced Madison of the need to create a Bill of Rights during the first Congress, in order to forestall any initiative towards a second convention designed to undo the work of the first.

NOVEMBER

Thinking Fast and Slow  Daniel Kahneman (Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2011) Trade Paperback.  3 Stars out of 4.  Human beings are linguistic and intuitive. But they could make better choices if their decisions were more quantitative and analytical.  That they have lousy intuition for numbers makes the situation that much worse. Now let me give you 4,327 examples. This is no doubt a great and an important book.  But given its major premise I must ironically use quantitative reasoning to explain its main flaw: There are too many chapters. Give me 7 paradigm shifting concepts and spend enough time on each of them that I thoroughly understand them, and I might just alter my entire worldview. You might affect my entire way of life.  But give me page after page after page of paradigm shifting concept piling up upon paradigm shifting concept, and I'll drown in the numbers, and not remember anything that seemed so fascinating the first time through.  Kahneman has every right to be proud of his life's work. But that didn't mean he needed to share so much of it.  A bit of editing and some quantitative easing would have made all the difference.  As it stands: a great reference, something to go back to again and again, but only if you can remember what you were looking for, which is less likely than it would be had the book been chopped down a bit.  Still, a book that everyone should read.

What's Wrong With the World  G.K. Chesterton. Kindle.  3 Stars out of 4.  Things I could do all day long, for weeks, if I only had the means: Snow-ski at Park City when the snow is just right; Hike through the alps with a friend and a camera; Read G.K. Chesterton. The main thing that is wrong with the world is that too few people read G.K. Chesterton 100 years ago and therefore we have fallen into virtually every trap he so presciently foretold.

DECEMBER

The Restitution of Man: C.S. Lewis and the Case Against Scientism  Michael D. Aeschliman. Paperback.  4 stars out of 4.  80 pages of pure unadulterated truth about the false ideologies which currently plague the world.  Almost as great as the book which inspired it, C.S. Lewis's The Abolition of Man.

A Study in Scarlet Arthur Conan Doyle  Audible. 2 stars out of 4.  Sir Conan Doyle's first Sherlock Holmes adventure is two books: a detective story introducing one of the most successful genre characters in the history of pop culture, full of character touches which show just how faithful the Benedict Cumberbatch BBC version of these stories really are; and a lurid tale of Mormons, Danites, and Avenging Angels, oh my, fueled by Yellow Journalism's sensationalist takes on Mormon polygamy.  If we survived this kind of 19th Century misrepresentation, hopefully "The Book of Mormon" musical won't pose too much of a danger.


Wednesday, January 28, 2015

THE BEST BOOKS FOR BOYS. On Creating Lifelong Readers.

I recently came across a blog post claiming to identify the 40 absolutely “best” books for boys, ages 8 to 16.  The whole point of "best of" lists is, of course, to stir up pseudo-anger and indignance and good-natured apoplexy about snubbed omissions and poorly chosen inclusions.  So here's my pseudo- indignance: This particular list was written by someone who, in the course of her listing, admitted never being able to get into Harry Potter, never having herself read any of the Narnia books, and whose omissions and inclusions showed she had no critical taste or faculty whatsoever in books for young male readers (Riordan's demigod series has a unique voice that transcends its Harry Potter rip-off origins, but still: to list him and not Rowling?  Lewis but not Tolkien?  No Bradbury?  No Ender? A year spent reading A Series of Unfortunate Events, as though the cheesy jokes don't get poke-me-in-the-eye stale in the first half of the first book?). Clearly, such lists should be written by someone who has actually been a boy.  Her omissions, in a list with the word “best” in it, made me sufficiently annoyed that I decided I needed to write my own list instead.

Elementary school teachers routinely admonish their charges’ parents to ensure they are reading for twenty minutes a day.  But I don’t know anyone who became a great reader by simply fulfilling this mandatory checked-off task.  Kids either find an author or a series they love and start passionately reading for pleasure (for many more than 20 minutes a day), and then, having consumed that gateway drug, begin a lifelong quest for more such material, or they don’t.  Those who do soon reap what are for the young reader entirely unintended academic benefits of their purely pleasure-motivated self-indulgence.  Those who don’t often find themselves struggling in ways which go far beyond mere academics.  Because most of those who don’t ever pick up the reading addiction and its benefits are boys, it’s especially important that parents of boys be given suggestions (lots of suggestions; what works for some will not work for others) in the hopes that their sons will latch on to something.  This is especially important in a culture where the illiterate screen is ever beckoning.

Herewith, a list of what are, in my purely subjective opinion (which happens to nevertheless be actually objectively accurate), the truly superlative books for boys.  The qualifications for a book making this list are two-fold.  It is comprised entirely of books that I personally read and loved between the ages of 8 and 18, or that one of my three sons (currently aged 10, 20, and 23) personally read and loved between those ages.  In other words, actual boys who have learned to love reading did so via these books.  Alphabetical by author:

Douglas Adams: The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy and its sequels.  I never finished the first book, but my son, and lots of other young men with the right sense of humor, have loved them.

Isaac Asimov: The Foundation Trilogy; the Robot series.  The kind of mind-blowing stuff that makes sci-fi so popular during that adolescent period of our lives when we get to ask the big questions, and (spoiler alert) if you read far enough in both series they eventually merge. 




Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451; Something Wicked This Way ComesThe Illustrated Man; The October Country; The Martian Chronicles; A Medicine for Melancholy; I Sing the Body Electric; and other short story collections.  The Twilight Zone TV Show was, alas, before my time.  But I had the short stories of Ray Bradbury instead.  They had the same spooky tricky endings, with the added bonus of beautiful writing.  




Bill Bryson: A Short History of Nearly Everything. I'm fairly certain that this book is the reason my second son became a science major in college.  Bryson's engaging writing shows how fascinating scientific literacy should be, if only so many schools didn't do such a good job of taking what should be fascinating and making it interminably boring.  



Edgar Rice Burroughs: Tarzan of the Apes and the sequels / series.  Tarzan was the original superhero.  He had an origin story that explained his superhuman strength, agility, intelligence, and ability to talk to animals, a dual identity (Lord Greystoke and also Tarzan), untold wealth, just like Tony Stark or Bruce Wayne, plus lots of cool enemies from the hidden temples and lost civilizations of darkest Africa.  What's not to like?   Burroughs never researched anything, and his stories were full of errors about the geographical locations of various species, proving they were written with one goal in mind: entertainment.  


   

Orson Scott Card: Ender’s Game and its sequels;  Ender’s Shadow and its sequels.  Ender's Game and its parallel novel Ender's Shadow are both great reads, despite Hollywood's failure to do the first novel full justice.  (For a great adaptation, instead of watching the movie, listen to the audioplay, Ender's Game Alive, available via Audible.com) Adult readers will enjoy the sequels to Ender's Game (Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind) and younger readers will enjoy the Shadow Series, although both series dwindle with each volume, rather than building to a satisfactory conclusion, which is typical of Card, who is much better at stand-alone novels than at series.  If that depresses you, then just read Ender's Game and Ender's Shadow.  They work on their own without any need to find out what happens next.   




Arthur C. Clarke: 2001 A Space Odyssey; Childhood’s End.  More good mind blowing big idea sci-fi.

Eoin Coifer: Artemis Fowl series.  Never read these myself, but my two oldest boys must have consumed them, as the house was littered with them when they left home.

Roald Dahl: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator; James and the Giant Peach.  When I was in the 6th Grade I had to memorize a poem and recite it in front of an audience.  I chose the long humorous poem about the little girl who ate her grandma's laxatives from Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator which was a big hit with students and teachers.  It's still the only poem I've ever memorized (literary memorization had clearly become a disfavored educational trend when I was growing up, stupid public education trends--I could use some good memorized poems).  

Alexandre Dumas: The Count of Monte Cristo.  I read this as an adult, but my son read it while he was growing up.  A great story at any age.  




Madeleine L’Engle: A Wrinkle in Time and its sequels.  Loved this book when I was a kid.  Tried to get my kids into it by playing an audiobook on a road trip.  But alas, the egotistical Ms. Engle had decided to narrate the book herself, long after she was of the proper age to do so, and her elderly and screeching voice, not to mention moist inadvertent lip-smacking, was so annoying to my kids they begged me to turn it off until I finally had to relent because I couldn't take it any more either.  A note to publishers.  Authors write.  Hire an actor to do the reading.  Especially if the author is in her last gasps.  

Walter Farley: The Black Stallion.  Also a very good movie from my youth.

John D. Fitzgerald: The Great Brain series.  Set in turn-of-the-century Southern Utah (and, in the later volumes, SLC, where the children attend the Catholic academy) and narrated by the titular genius's younger brother, these incredibly entertaining books deserve a much wider audience than they have.  Personally, I think they are better than Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, not as literature, but as entertaining reading for boys.  




The Guiness Book of World Records.  Always loved these as a kid.  They are even more popular now that they come in big color annual hardbacks.  Although I'm not sure they have as many cool facts as they used to. 

Frank Herbert: Dune.  One of the great sci-fi novels of all time.  But don't bother with the sequels.

Conn and Hal Iggulden: The Dangerous Book for Boys.  The publishing of this book could not have been more timely.  Just what our world needed. 




Brian Jacques: The Redwall Series.  I haven't read these, but my oldest son devoured them when he was growing up. 




Harper Lee: To Kill a Mockingbird.  If you read this for school because you had to and you didn't enjoy it, do yourself a favor and read it again.  There's a reason it's so famous.  The greatest American novel ever written.  And it's great for boys who need actual heroes but are living in a popular culture that increasingly refuses to give them any. 

C.S. Lewis: The Chronicles of Narnia series, The Screwtape Letters.  Every Christian should read the Narnia books when they are still too young to understand and decode the symbolism, so they can internalize the symbols instead. And everyone should read the Screwtape Letters at least once a year.




James Michener: Hawaii, The Source.  Books I started to read in my youth primarily to prove to myself that I could read something really long, but kept reading as they gave me a love of history. 

George Orwell: 1984, Animal Farm.  In addition to reading modern YA dystopian novels where the dystopia is merely the backdrop to an adventure story, make sure your kids have read these books where the story had a prescient point to make.  Great reads and great social commentaries at the same time.  

Gary Paulson: Hatchet.  A book I have not yet read, but included here at the counsel of my youngest son, who I am still working on turning into a life-long reader.



Wilson Rawls: Where the Red Fern GrowsSummer of the Monkeys.  Books to make a Fourth Grader cry.  

Ripley’s Believe It or Not books.  I don't know if they still even publish these, with their drawings instead of photographs, and their weird facts.  But I remember being fascinated by the paperbacks when I was young. 

J.K. Rowling: Harry Potter series.  My oldest son and I began reading these when he was 8 and the first three books had been published.  They were instrumental in turning at least three of my children into life-long readers.  I love the Harry Potter movies.  Nevertheless, I consider it to be one of the great tragedies of our age and among the most terrible crimes ever committed against imagination that those movies were made so soon, before the series had even been completely written.  Could not one generation of readers have experienced the Harry Potter universe purely and solely as books?  Oh well, at least some of my children got to experience them when they were wholly new, and we were able to read each book before its respective film was complete.  




Louis Sachar: Holes.  Fun plotting. 

Donald J. Sobol: The Encyclopedia Brown series.  In the part of Las Vegas once known as "Charleston Heights" where a grungy locals casino now unfortunately stands, on Decatur between Charleston and Alta, there was once something so much better: a large red, white and blue slide, the kind you use a blanket to slide down, and behind that: a shopping center, with a local library branch, right across the aisle from where I got my hair cut.  I can still remember the librarian in that location who introduced me to Encyclopedia Brown.  I could rarely figure out the solution to each chapter's mystery without checking the back of the book, but Enclopedia Brown did inspire me to try to read more of our family's set of encyclopedias.  I still think of these books every time I spin an egg to test if it has been hard boiled or not.



J.R.R. Tolkien: The Hobbit; The Lord of the Rings.  The greatest works of fiction ever written. Bar none. 




Leon Uris: Exodus. A great historical novel about one of the most interesting stories of the 20th Century, the founding of the nation of Israel.

Jules Verne: Around the World in 80 Days; 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.  The original steampunk sci-fi.  One of my favorite stories from LDS Church History is about John Taylor, the third President of the Church, coming into the parlor one evening and, upon seeing his son reading 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, advising him he shouldn't be wasting his time on such things as novels.  Son went to bed, and upon waking up the next morning, came down to the parlor to find John Taylor finishing the book, which he had stayed up all night reading.  He told his son he'd changed his mind and that this was a very good book which he should read. 

Bill Watterson: Calvin & Hobbes collections.  I truly believe that Bill Watterson will be remembered as a genius in the same way that other artists who have been the best in their genre, be it painting, jazz, or baseball, have been remembered.  The rules of the comic strip make it a fairly brutal form to do well (here, take four little panels, now draw me a little picture and add some words that will make me laugh; repeat every day).  This is why most comic strips are just lousy, with most of the comic page of the newspaper not worth the ink it is printed on, giving us 20 Marmadukes or Garfields for every one Frank and Ernest or Wizard of Id or Hagar the Horrible.  Watterson nailed it and his comic strip collections are perfect for boys who are Calvin's age or slightly older. 

H.G. Wells: The Time Machine; War of the Worlds; The Island of Dr. Moreau.  I didn't know til I was much older that H.G. Wells was most famous in his own day not for his fiction, but for his social and political commentaries, most of which were nutsoid early versions of the socialist utopian ideas that made the 20th century so dismal for so many.  Oh well, he still wrote good books.  At least as far as I can remember.  It has been a very, very, long time since I read them. 

E.B. White: Charlotte’s Web.  The one book I tried to read to all of my children.  A timeless classic.

T.H. White: The Once and Future King.  The definitive version of the Arthurian legend for the 20th Century.



The sad fate of my two oldest sons, who learned to love reading in their childhood:


Originally posted on January 28, 2015.
Last Update February 11, 2015

Friday, January 2, 2015

What I learned from the Movies Released in 2014

 What I learned from 2014's Movies:

- If you want to keep stolen art, don't teach your children to Sieg Heil. The Monuments Men

- Spies should never keep their movie ticket stubs.  Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit.

- Krazy glue is evil.  The Lego Movie

- Large government bureaucracies attract parasites whose purposes are directly contrary to those for which the institution was originally established.  Captain America: The Winter Soldier

- The future belongs to simians.  Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.  I didn't actually learn this from the movie, but from the group of teenagers sitting in front of us.

- Let the redhead go to England.  The Amazing Spiderman 2

- The best thing about living in a video game would be the reset button. Edge of Tomorrow

- Wings never die.  Maleficent

- Sometimes, the movie is better than the book.   The Maze Runner

- Diplomacy is not the answer.  War is the answer.  How to Train Your Dragon 2

- Star Wars would have been an even better movie if Chewbacca had been played by a walking tree. Guardians of the Galaxy

- Pediatricians should be chubby.  It's comforting.  Big Hero 6

- A child's room should be full of books.  This is vitally important to the future of humanity. Interstellar

- Never let your wife go into the woods.  Into the Woods

- Always tell your neighbors how long you'll be gone, before leaving on a vacation.  The Hobbit: The Battle of Five Armies

- Sometimes, having read the book makes the movie better.  Unbroken
- The Men who lived through WWII were bad to the bone.  Unbroken
- There are some things that can make me weep like a baby, and seeing a movie-screen sized Louis Zamperini running with the Olympic Torch in Japan is one of them. Unbroken

Thursday, January 1, 2015

James Madison: A Federalist and a Republican (Part 2 of a Review of Lynne Cheney's biography, James Madison, a Life Reconsidered)



{This is PART 2 of a Review of James Madison: A Life Reconsidered, by Lynne Cheney.  For PART 1, See:  http://dadsbookreviews.blogspot.com/2014/10/some-thoughts-on-religious-liberty.html}


Lynne Cheney, in "James Madison: A Life Reconsidered" is not simply writing a biography.  Rather, like McCullough on Adams and Chernow on Hamilton, she is engaging in an act of advocacy. Cheney likes Madison, agrees with his views, and wishes to promote his importance in the American pantheon. Thus, she arbitrates every historical argument in his favor, and places him in the best possible light on every question and in each episode of his life.  I don't have a problem with this.  I actually like to understand how people saw themselves, and a sympathetic biography which argues its subject's side of every story is not a bad place to start.  I'm always in favor of a little hagiography when it comes to the founders.  I do love the Fourth of July.

Nevertheless, such advocacy can have its pitfalls, if it causes an author to gloss over tough issues, and thus skip over the most fascinating questions. Hence, the second big problem I had with Cheney's book is that it leaves largely unexamined the great conundrum of Madison's life: how to explain his sudden shift, once the Constitution was created and its Bill of Rights securely in place, from being the nation's leading Federalist, to its second most important Republican.  Indeed, given Cheney's sympathetic tone throughout, the reader can be excused for feeling a bit of whiplash as Cheney warmly admires Madison's achievements on behalf of nationalism in one chapter, only to have his arguments against federal power spoken of with equal fervor and admiration in the next.

Madison left the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia terribly concerned that, should the delegates' handiwork be ratified, the resulting U.S. Government would not be nearly as strong as he had hoped. If he was bitterly disappointed that the small states had won the battle for equal representation in the Senate, he was even more completely mortified that the national government would have no veto right over state legislation.  This national veto over state laws had been a key element of Madison's Virginia plan, which, to his horror, had been unceremoniously rejected from the Constitutional text.  How is it possible that a man with such views would, just a few short years later, work with Jefferson to craft the nullification resolutions in Virginia and Kentucky, arguing for exactly the opposite policy: that federal legislation should be subject to state veto?  How exactly does one understand this great irony?

For Cheney, a few brief remarks from Madison suffice:  Madison was interested in equipoise.  Under the unwieldy articles of confederation, the power of the individual states had made it impossible for anything of national importance to be accomplished in a unified fashion.  Once the Constitution had rectified this imbalance, it became equally important to prevent the national government from becoming overly powerful, and prevent the individual states from pursuing their own best interests. But such equipoise would never have been maintained under the Virginia Plan which Madison had brought to Philadelphia, and which he was so disappointed to walk away from Philadelphia without achieving (until he realized his original handiwork could never have been ratified by the States). So other factors were clearly at work in Madison's turnabout.

As it turns out, far more interesting theories than his own self-serving explanations abound.  Cheney's book would have been more interesting if she would have examined them. Instead, the reader is left to other sources.  For a pro-Madison viewpoint, one can review Gordon Woods' book, Revolutionary Characters, in its chapter entitled "Is There a James Madison Problem."  For a more cynical and much more interesting take, Joseph J. Ellis, in his book, American Creation, has examined the question in a chapter entitled "The Conspiracy." Both are great reads, and examine theories such as the following:

Was it Jefferson's influence?  This seems highly likely.  Madison always deferred to Jefferson's wisdom (although he also played an important role in bringing Jefferson's poetic rhetoric down to practical earth: a subject which Cheney does a great job on in some of the most enjoyable passages of her book).  Madison's turn away from Federalism and towards Republicanism accompanied Jefferson's return from France to take up a post in Washington's first Constitutional administration and was developed during a cruise up the Hudson river the two of them took together in 1791.  The fact that, late in his life, Madison would, once again, become an important voice in favor of the Union, during the nullification crisis of the 1830s, after Jefferson had passed away, lends further credence to this idea.

Was it just good politics?  The debate over whether to ratify the constitution had been particularly ugly in Virginia, where it had taken all of Madison's abilities to withstand the arguments of Patrick Henry and his fellow anti-Federalists against ratification, and eke out a narrow victory for the union cause. To the extent that anything the federal government did ever seemed to favor northern over southern interests (an inevitability in future compromises), the narrow support the Constitution had received in Virginia was likely to soon vanish.  Madison could only hope to remain in politics if he was elected to national office from his home state of Virginia.  And since only States-rightists were going to get elected in Virginia, Madison's about-face may be explainable via the most prosaic of all political realities: he simply did what he needed to do to get elected.  The same practical politcal strategy which has been followed by every politician who has ever tacked to the left or right during a primary, and back towards the center in a general election, was, perhaps, invented by Madison, who has been called not only the father of our Constitution, but also of our politics: If you want to serve in elective office, stand with the people whose votes you need.

Was it about slavery?  Any purely political reasons for Madison's turnabout raise the question of why Virginia politics required successful politicians to be wary of federal power in the first place. One obvious answer is the "peculiar institution" of slavery, which sourtherners feared a northern dominated federal government might one day abolish, as indeed ultimately occurred. The niceties and political hypocrisies of the day prevented any open reference to this subject by Jefferson or Madison as a motivating cause of southern political preferences.  (It was apparently somewhat annoying, when waxing eloquent on the thesis that the greatest capacity for republican virtue lay among southern agrarian planters, to be reminded that those same planters were engaged in the most obviously immoral, unvirtuous, and tyrannical activity ever known to man.)  Nevertheless, as argued by Ellis, the very silence of the southern founders on the question of slavery may be the best proof of its elephant-in-the-room status, and later Virginia politicians would be more forthright: "Tell me if Congress can establish banks, make roads and canals, whether they cannot free all the slaves in the United States."  Nathaniel Macon, as quoted by Joseph J. Ellis in American Creation, (Vintage 2007) at p. 175.  Slavery certainly played a role, and Americans who, today, find themselves overly enamored with Jeffersonian rhetoric about about republican virtue, would do well to temper their enthusiasm with a little salt.  In the ultimate test of regional virtue, the Civil War and the fight to abolish slavery, the Republican Jeffersonians were not only on the losing side of history, but the morally wrong side as well.   As Lincoln said, if slavery isn't wrong, nothing is wrong.  It took a strong federal government to end slavery, and then to end Jim Crow, and it took a union much stronger than anything Jefferson envisaged to fight the 20th Century's various forms of anti-republican totalitarianism.

Was it about economic ignorance?  Madison's shift from federalism occurred when he opposed the financial programs and policies initiated by his former friend (and collaborator on the Federalist Papers) Alexander Hamilton, during Washington's presidential tenure.  Hamilton's financial program was modelled after British institutions and policies which had allowed that nation to become among the most prosperous on earth.  Hamilton had spent years of private study learning about those institutions, and the implementation of Hamilton's proposed legislation during his tenure as America's first Secretary of the Treasury make him the most successful and important person to ever hold that office.  The Hamiltonian program allowed the new nation to finally gain a secure financial footing, which it had sorely lacked from the date it declared its independence, and laid the foundations for subsequent free market capitialism which would make Americans among the most socially mobile people on the planet.  Nevertheless, that program's implementation was fought by Jefferson and Madison every step of the way, and with an increasingly paranoid righteous fervor, which, as Ellis points out, can only be completely understood in light of the fact that Madison and Jefferson didn't understand the first thing about economics, and couldn't begin to comprehend many of the principles which Hamilton was talking about.  For all their political genius, Jefferson and Madison were no economic Einsteins: both men would die broke and deeply in debt.

Whatever the cause of Madison's dramatic turnabout, Cheney need not have shied away from this fascinating question, which ultimately strengthens her hero's claim to preeminent importance in American history.  Because Madison's reversal may be the most important thing he ever did for the Constitution.

In a sort of "only-Nixon-could-go-to-China" moment, by joining the ranks of the anti-Federalists, Madison turned them into something other than anti-Federalists.  He tranformed the anti-Federalist movement into Jeffersonian-Republicanism, whose new agenda no longer included overturning the Constitution, but, instead, simply seeking to interpret the Constitution narrowly, and in such a way as to limit federal power.  There is probably nothing Madison could have done to more powerfully secure the ongoing existence of the Constitution, then to thus end any debate over it's continued existence.  By converting the political movement known as anti-Federalism into small federal government republicanism, Madison ensured that the Constitution would survive.  When Jefferson came to office, he did simplify and shrink the size of the Federal Government.  But he didn't overthrow it.  Much of the Federalist program which had been developed over the past 12 years remained in place.  And Jefferson was canny enough to ignore his own limited-government principles when they might stand in the way of important national interests, such as the Louisiana Purchase.

In the meantime, Madison became the father of America's first opposition political party, and introduced party politics into American life.  As much as Americans may claim to hate partisanship, political parties played an important role in the ongoing existence of the union, and continue to stabilize the country today. After the Republicans replaced the Federalists in office, it was no longer possible for any future government to treat its mainstream political enemies as insurrectionist threats to the legitimate government, as the Federalists had done when they passed the Alien and Sedition Acts.  Rather, political parties, and the eventual tradition of those parties finding themselves peacefully rotating in and out of power, gave us a nation which had to tolerate and give credence to the idea of a loyal opposition.  This helped America avoid the fate of other post-revolutionary societies, where the guillotine or the coup d'etat was the only way for transitions of power to occur.

All hail to James Madison, one of the most important fathers of our freedoms.  Someday someone will write a book about him which does him greater justice.  But for now, Cheney's extremely readable and engaging tome will have to do.